Abstract

RECENT APPROACHES AND VARIOUS BARRIERS INVOLVING IN OCULAR DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM

Shiva Kant Thakur*, Rahul Pal, Arun Singh, Prachi Pandey, Raj Kumar Malakar, Arsh Chanana and Ravinder Pal Singh

ABSTRACT

Ocular drug delivery has been a vital challenge for pharmacologists and scientists due to it have unique physiology and anatomy of eye. It has numbers of barrier (different layers of cornea, sclera, and retina including blood aqueous and blood–retinal barriers), vital barriers (choroidal and conjunctival blood flow, lymphatic clearance, and tear dilution) and efflux the distribution of a drug alone or in a dose form. The current review focuses on the shortcomings of traditional ocular therapy and the benefits of developing innovative delivery systems, with their unique benefits in ocular pharmacokinetics and the improvement of bioavailability. These cutting-edge methods highlight the advantages of various ocular drug delivery methods, such as eye ointments, gels, and the use of viscosity enhancers, prodrugs, penetration enhancers, microparticles, liposomes, Niosomes, nanoparticles, nanosuspension, microemulsion, dendrimers, in situ gels, iontophoresis. widely explored to overcome many fixed and vital barriers. This review is highlights the basic introduction on the ocular drug delivery system, included the various barriers involving in the ODDS (Ocular Drug Delivery System), with explained overcome method especially for increasing bioavailability (BA), contact time and increasing of therapeutic effect of the drug into the eye area. The recent approaches included in the article such as viscosity, prodrug, liposome and nano formulation etc. for the drug of ODDS formulation and development, given at the prolonged time of period.

Keywords: Anatomy and Physiology of Eye, Barriers, Overcome Method, Recent Approaches of ODDS, Bioavailability.