Abstract

CRISPR – GENETIC INNOVATIONS IN ORAL CANCER, GENETIC AND OTHER DISORDERS AS ADVANCING TREATMENT MODALITY – A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Dr. K. Saraswathi Gopal, Dr. Poongodi V., Dr. Kalaiselvi R.*

ABSTRACT

Background: Genome editing (GE) has revolutionized biological research through the new ability to precisely edit the genomes of living organisms. In recent years, various GE tools have been explored for editing simple and complex genomes. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 system has widely been used in GE due to its high efficiency, ease of use, and accuracy. It can be used to add desirable and remove undesirable alleles simultaneously in a single event. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated (Cas) protein 9 system provides a robust and multiplexable genome editing tool, enabling researchers to precisely manipulate specific genomic elements, and facilitating the elucidation of target gene function in biology and diseases. Method: Electronic literature search was conducted in academic databases in Scopus, PubMed, Medline, science direct, and google scholar. Abstracts and full-text articles were assessed independently. The research strategy and after application of different filters and considering the eligibility criteria, certain studies were obtained for analysis. Results: The present systematic analysis has pooled the results of individual studies to assess the efficiency of CRISPR – the gene editing tool which is an advanced treatment modality for oral cancer and various genetic disorders. Conclusion: CRISPR/Cas9 comprises of a non-specific Cas9 nuclease and a set of programmable sequence-specific CRISPR RNA (crRNA), which can guide Cas9 to cleave DNA and generate double-strand breaks at target sites which can be used in the management and prevention of various diseases. Subsequent cellular DNA repair process leads to desired insertions, deletions or substitutions at target sites. In this systematic review, we can evaluate the potential applications and recent advances of CRISPR-Cas9 in various therapies cancer, treatment of various genetic disorders and discuss the challenges that might be encountered in clinical applications.

Keywords: Cancer, CRISPR–Cas9, genetic disorders, mutation, therapies.