Abstract

A REVIEW ON THIAZIDE DIURETICS AND ?-BLOCKERS CAUSING HYPERGLYCEMIA

Satish S, G Likhitha* and A R Shabaraya

ABSTRACT

Hypertension plays a crucial role in the onset and progression of micro- and macrovascular disease. Additionally, the presence of high blood pressure is typically accompanied by other cardiovascular risk factors, such as insulin resistance. As a result, patients with hypertension need to get careful treatment. It is well knowledge that some pharmacological classes have the potential to elevate blood glucose levels to a clinically relevant degree. Recent reports of an increase in cases of new-onset diabetes mellitus (DM) among individuals taking protease inhibitors (PIs) or atypical antipsychotic medications are of interest. Although various potential explanations have been put up for each drug class, the processes by which hyperglycemia occurs are typically not fully known. The effects on glucose metabolism vary depending on the antihypertensive medication class. Thiazide diuretics and beta-blockers have been linked to higher rates of diabetes, but not with Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), or Calcium channel blockers (CCBs). However, some CCBs, such Azelnidipine and Manidipine, have been demonstrated to have beneficial effects on glucose homeostasis. On the other hand, Thiazide diuretics and Beta-blockers generally have a negative impact on how the body processes glucose. It should be noted that Carvedilol and Nebivolol appear to set themselves apart from the other members of the beta-blockers class by offering more desirable alternatives with regard to their effects on glucose homeostasis. This comprehensive analysis deepens our understanding of which all antihypertensive drugs cause hyperglycemia as a side effect.

Keywords: Hypertension, Anti-hypertensive drugs, Hyperglycemia.