Abstract

OVERVIEW OF ADOLESCENT IDIOPATHIC SCOLIOSIS

Vaishnavi Devi C.*, Shalni G. and Renu Elizabeth Mathew

ABSTRACT

Scoliosis is defined as a lateral curvature of the spine greater than 10 degrees on radiography that is typically associated with trunk rotation. The three major types of scoliosis are congenital, idiopathic, and neuromuscular. Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is the most common form of scoliosis, affecting approximately 2% to 4% of adolescents. Most youths with scoliosis will not develop clinical symptoms, scoliosis can progress to rib deformity and respiratory compromise, and can cause significant cosmetic problems and emotional distress for some patients. For decades, scoliosis screenings were a routine part of school physical examinations in adolescents. Congenital scoliosis represents a spinal malformation due to defects of formation, segmentation or mixed ones. It is characterized by a longitudinal and rotational imbalance. Scoliosis is a common deformity in many types of neuromuscular disease. Severe spinal curvature can cause difficulty in sitting. No certain etiology of congenital scoliosis has been identified until today. Non-surgical method is wearing brace. Twenty-four hour bracing should be adjusted throughout growth, and may correct the spine posture. Corrective surgery requires multidisciplinary management and preoperative screening. Correction needs to be considered during surgical planning. The goal of surgical correction is to obtain and maintain a well-balanced spine above a well-positioned pelvis. Those patients with curve above 40 degree surgery may be considered.

Keywords: Scoliosis, Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, Brace, Deformity.