Abstract

REVIEW OF COMPARISON OF SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF SEVERAL COVID-19 VACCINES USED IN INDONESIA

Adid Gusdira*, Syofyan and Erizal

ABSTRACT

Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19). COVID-19 is a disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The virus can be transmitted from human to human and has spread widely in more than 190 countries including Indonesia. Efforts to prevent the spread of COVID-19 with the implementation of health protocols by the Government of Indonesia are considered insufficient because confirmed cases are increasing. So, the most effective strategy to overcome this pandemic is vaccination. The purpose of vaccination is to build resistance to certain infections and make the herd immunity system or immune system stronger. There are 5 candidates for the COVID-19 vaccine to be used in Indonesia. However, most Indonesians doubt the safety of COVID-19 vaccine candidates. So, to answer public doubts related to vaccine safety, library studies on the development of clinical trials, safety, and efficacy of vaccines are conducted. The development of clinical trials of COVID-19 vaccine candidates in Indonesia has entered the final phase of phase 3 clinical trials to determine the efficacy of vaccines. Two candidates (Moderna and BioNTech/Pfizer) have obtained an Emergency Use Authorization from the FDA. Serious side effects that cause death occur in clinical trials of the Moderna, BioNTech/Pizer, and AstraZeneca vaccines involving participants of comorbid or concomitant diseases. While in the Sinopharm vaccine, side effects are categorized as mild in a healthy adult population. The efficacy of COVID-19 vaccine candidates in Indonesia has also reached the number of Minimum efficacy (>50%) from the FDA. The highest efficacy rate is in mRNA-based vaccines (Moderna and BioNTech/Pfizer) which are the latest generation vaccines in vaccine development.

Keywords: Covid-19, Covid-19 vaccine, Efficacy, Vaccine Safety. Clinical trial.