Abstract

IMMUNOMODULATORY ACTIVITY OF THEVETIA PERUVIANA IN RODANTS

Malti Kushwaha*, Brijesh Sirohi and S. K. Lariya

ABSTRACT

The immunomodulatory activities of various organic leaf extracts of Thevetia peruviana was explored. A high level of total phenols is a positive indication for the antioxidant properties of Thevetia peruviana. Ethanolic extracts of Thevetia peruviana exhibited potent increase in paw oedema in response to SRBC. The initial response in the first 4 hour resulted in the infiltration of CD4 lines of T lymphocytes, diapedesis of mononuclear macrophages and liberation of oedema producing substances, i.e. serotonin, prostaglandilin E and cytokines, etc. The infiltration of lymphocytes may be due to the compounds distorting the endothelium and enabling different types of lymphocytes to accumulate. Extracts of plants possess some compounds that may support the cell-mediated immune response. This indicates that ethanolic extract of Thevetia peruviana containing saponins and tannins may activate the T-cells leading to release of vasoactive amines and multiple hormone substances such as lymphokines. These substances then probably function as mediators of the ensuing hypersensitivity response particularly by attracting and activating macrophages. Reduction in paw oedema may be due to the action of various enzymes and hormones that increase phagocytosis, which activates macrophages on the invader. This may be due to saponins and similar compounds increasing the metabolic activity of the neighbouring cells to release serine proteases and immunohormones, including cytokines.

Keywords: Thevetia peruviana, Lymphokines, Lymphocytes, Macrophages.