Abstract

ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME

M. Narmatha* and N. Anu Prasad

ABSTRACT

Acute respiratory distress syndrome is a inflammatory conditions of the lung which is caused by direct or indirect lung injury includes pneumonia, sepsis, severe trauma and so on. It is also caused due to environmental and genetic factors. The pathology is identified by three phases such as exudative, proliferative and fibrotic phases. Destabilization of vascular endothelial cadherin due to the increased concentration of cytokines causes endothelial permeability. Epithelial injury is caused due to migration of neutrophils. The immune system which triggers the formation of cytokines, leukocyte proteases, and more also worsens the lung injury. The person who suffered from acute respiratory distress syndrome has the symptoms of severe hypoxia, tachycardia, difficulty in breathing, abnormally rapid breathing. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome is diagnosed by physical examination, patient history and Imaging techniques. Computed tomography is a golden standard techniques for measuring positive end expiratory airway pressure and tidal volume done in intensive care unit patients. Acute respiratory distress syndrome is treated with mechanical ventilation, fluid management and prone positioning. Drugs are used to reduce the inflammation and pulmonary oedema. Potent vasodilator are used to decreases the artery pressure. Vitamin C and D supplement is also recommended.

Keywords: Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), Vascular Endothelial Cadherin (VE-Cadherin), diffuse alveolar damage, MSC therapy.