Abstract

A REVIEW ON THE ETIO PATHOGENESIS AND RISK FACTORS OF HIP OSTEOARTHRITIS

Anjana B. S.*, Athulyaraj S., Archana Vijay and Santhosh M. Mathews

ABSTRACT

The objective of this article is to deliver a concise review on the etio pathogenesis and risk factors of hip osteoarthritis. OA hip is a non inflammatory arthrosis caused by progressive loss of cartilage on the surface of femoral head and the acetabulum. The most common symptom of hip OA is pain and stiffness around the hip joint. Risk factors for hip OA can be split in to two, ie, at the joint level and at the whole person level, and these two categories of risk factors do not exist independently of one another. Joint level risk factors may be considered the etiological basis for the developmental hip OA, whereas whole person level risk factors contribute to the developmental hip OA indirectly, by increasing susceptibility to joint level risk factors. In hip OA one of the risk factors at joint level is the presence of abnormal hip joint morphology, which is believed to lead to pathological loading patterns that produce shear stresses on the hip joint over time. The joint morphology abnormalities such as severe femoro acetabular impingement (FAI) or DDH (developmental dysplasia of the hip) are associated with high risk of early OA onset, so-called primary OA. In the hip, a common form of joint injury is an acetabular labral tear, which is a well established risk factor. The general level or whole person level risk factors include age, gender, obesity, genetics, occupation and diet.

Keywords: Hip OA, Risk factors, Etiopathogenesis.