Abstract

TARGETTING INFLAMMATORY PATHWAY IN DIABETES MELLITUS

M. Dheepthi*, S.U. Mohamed Afreeth, S. Suba Dhanisha and C. Sowmya

ABSTRACT

Diabetes is a metabolic disorder resulting inexcess level in glucose in blood due to destruction of pancreatic β cells. Diabetes is global epidemic and one of the considerable causes of morbidity and mortality. Obesity is recognized as one of the major comorbid conditions of diabetes mellitus having direct relationship with hyperlipidiemic condition and insulin resistance. Excess adipose mass in obesityaccelerate free fatty acid circulationwhichin turn enhance production of inflammatory cytokines. Synthesis of inflammatory cytokines were also enhanced by hyperglycemic level. Abundance of inflammatory cytokines in addition to that of cellular stress induces JNK pathwayaffecting normal phosphorylation mechanism, reducing insulin sensitivity of targetsand resulting ininsulin resistance. This in due course increases the burden of β cells and ends with β cell destruction.On the other hand pro inflammatory cytokines remains the major cause of developing cardiovascular and other complications whereas insulin resistance worsening the diabetic complication. Inflammatory pathway and its negative impact havegained attention by researchers in recent years. Modifying anti-diabetic regimen with both synthetic drugs and natural compounds having potential activity targeting the inflammatory pathway involved in diabetes can be beneficial to alleviate the global burden. This review pays attention on cytokines and inflammatory pathwayof diabetes and their management with synthetic anti-diabetic agents and phyto bio-active compounds.

Keywords: Diabetes, Inflammation, Management, Obesity, Serine phosphorylation.