WJPPS Citation

Login

Search

News & Updation

  • Updated Version
  • WJPPS introducing updated version of OSTS (online submission and tracking system), which have dedicated control panel for both author and reviewer. Using this control panel author can submit manuscript
  • Call for Paper
    • WJPPS  Invited to submit your valuable manuscripts for Coming Issue.
  • Journal web site support Internet Explorer, Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Opera, Saffari for easy download of article without any trouble.
  •  
  • New Impact Factor
  • WJPPS Impact Factor has been Increased to 8.025 for Year 2024.

  • WJPPS: MARCH ISSUE PUBLISHED
  • March Issue has been successfully launched on 1 March 2024.

  • ICV
  • WJPPS Rank with Index Copernicus Value 84.65 due to high reputation at International Level

  • Scope Indexed
  • WJPPS is indexed in Scope Database based on the recommendation of the Content Selection Committee (CSC).

Abstract

THE ROLE KETAMINE, A N-METHYL D-ASPARTATE (NMDA) RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST IN TREATMENT RESISTANCE DEPRESSION (TRD)

Dipesh I. Wadhwani*, Sanket V. Gore, Ashwini K. Bawankule and Twinkle S. Zade

ABSTRACT

Ketamine is a new treatment option providing new hope for TRD. Treatment Resistant Depression (TRD) is a common condition with poor outcomes with a few treatment options. Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) typically refers to incomplete response to antidepressant trial of adequate doses and duration.The administration of ketamine results in a great improvement of depression symptoms. The rapid antidepressant action of the glutamatergic N-methyl-Daspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist ketamine has great interest among researchers. Ketamine enhaces the presynaptic release of glutamate, results into the higher extracellular levels of glutamate by a combination of disinhibition of the neurotransmitter g-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and blockage of the NMDA receptors to the phencyclidine binding site within the ion channel. This elevation in extracellular glutamate release favours coexpressed a-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA), resulting in ‗an increased glutamatergic throughput of AMPA relative to NMDA. The glutamatergic system is fundamental for neuroplasticity, which is connected to mood disorders. NMDA receptor activation is part of the process for long-term potentiation, an important form of synaptic plasticity. Synapse-associated proteins and the number of dendritic spines then increase, for example, in the prefrontal cortex, thus reversing the structural and functional deficits resulting from long-term stress exposure. Also, ketamine was also found to be effective in reducing suicidality in TRD samples. This findings provide the substantial evidence for the role of ketamine in treatment resistance depression (TRD).The study proposed ketamine based therapies in the treatment of the treatment resistance depression (TRD) and major depressive disorder (MDD).

Keywords: Ketamine, Treatment resistance depression (TRD), NMDA receptor, Depression, Antidepressants, AMPA receptor.


[Download Article]     [Download Certifiate]

Call for Paper

World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (WJPPS)
Read More

Online Submission

World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (WJPPS)
Read More

Email & SMS Alert

World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (WJPPS)
Read More