Abstract

A REVIEW ON ANEMIA, CAUSES, INCIDENCE, PREVENTION AND ITS TREATMENT IN CLINICAL SETTINGS

Sathish Kumar Jayaprakash*

ABSTRACT

Anemia is the world’s second leading cause of disability and one of the major health care problems in the community. Anemia affects the all age of patients in developing and developed countries. Iron is an vital nutrient and the deficiency of anemia has several consequences leads to impair physical growth, compromised cognitive development and low level of learning capacity and muscle action will be reduced and which low level of iron lowers the iron absorption in the body. Anemia is associated with low level of red blood cells and abnormal red blood cell morphology causes low supply of hemoglobin in red blood cells reduces the oxygen supply. It results in decreased red blood cell production and blood loss and increase destruction of blood cells may occur. The pathophysiologically of anemia has been associated with multiple factors. The clinical symptoms of anemia include weakness, Fatigue, difficulty concentrating, and poor work productivity. The anemia incidence is increasing which is found to be high as 50% to 80%, and 10% to 20% having moderate to severe anemia. The prevalence of anemia incidence is higher in people with low socioeconomic status; low body weight causes abnormal changes in the body. The types of anemia include thalassemia, sickle cell anemia, iron deficiency, pernicious anaemia, haemolytic anaemia, and aplastic anaemia. The prevention and management of anemia include rapid detection of etiological factors, diagnosis, and rapid treatment strategies can lower the progression of anemia burden in the society.

Keywords: Anemia, thalassemia, sickle cell anemia, iron deficiency, pernicious anaemia, and haemolytic Anaemia.