Abstract

A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON BOTANY, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, AND PHARMACOLOGY OF PSIDIUM GUAJAVA LINN

Shamal Badhusha P.A., Rupesh Kumar M.*, Syed Sagheer Ahmed and B. Ramesh

ABSTRACT

Psidium guajava Linn belongs to the family Myrtaceae, commonly known as guava is cultivated in both subtropical and tropical regions of India for its commercial use. The leaves and bark of the guava are utilizing as a medicine since ancient times. Traditionally the guava is used for treating stomach ache, diarrhoea, wound, inflammation, painful menstruation, uterine bleeding, and miscarriages. It is also utilized for treating influenza infection and hypertension. This plant shows various pharmacological activities like anti-bacterial, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-diarrheal, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-mutagenic, hepatoprotective, ulcer-protective, anthelmintic, anti-hypertensive, and anti-fungal activity. Psidium guajava is rich in various chemical constituents like glycosides, tannins, isoflavonoids, beta-sitosterol, kaempferol, gallic acid, oleanolic acid, catechin, epicathechin, ursolic acid, ascorbic acid, carotenoids, quercetin, lycopene, lutein, beta-carotene, and many others. The fruit is rich in carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, and minerals. The constituents present in the guava are accountable for their biological activities. These observations are very promising and indicate further investigations to validate such results and explore other potential therapeutic activities. Hence, the present review focuses on summarizing, botanical description, phytochemicals, and pharmacological activities of Psidium guajava.

Keywords: Psidium guajava, Phytoconstituents, Guava, Myrtaceae, Pharmacological activities.