Abstract

PHYTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION OF FIVE PLANTS EXTRACTS USED AS ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS IN BURKINA FASO

Seydou Sourabié, Jules Yoda* and Angèle Zoungrana

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study is to promote five medicinal plants used in the management of bacterial infections in Burkina Faso. These plants include Psidium guajava, Euphorbia hirta, Combretum micranthum, Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Terminalia avicennioides. Recent research shows that many microbial pathologies, particularly bacterial and viral infections, are associated with oxidative stress induced by the production and development of free radicals. In this study, a phytochemical investigation will be carried out on these five plants traditionally used against bacterial infections. a qualitative chemical analysis will allow to establish the chromatographic fingerprint and to identify by screening the main chemical compounds of the different extracts. In addition, a quantitative analysis will concern the optimal method of extraction, the dosage of bioactive compounds as flavonoids. Interesting results in line with the traditional use of the extracts of these plants have been obtained. Regarding the extraction method, it appears that the decoction is the one that gives the high yields with high contents of compounds of interest. The chemical profile of all the extracts reveals the presence of several families of phytocompounds of therapeutic interest known for their antioxidant power. Regarding the dosage of total phenols and total flavonoids, high levels were obtained with the optimal extracts, those from the decoction. The total polyphenol contents vary from 93± 94 mg GAE/100g to 233.24± 2.80 mgGAE/100g respectively for Euphorbia hirta and Psidium guajava. The total favonoid assay also showed slightly variable levels. The levels ranged from 10.99 ± 0.01 mg QE/100g to 11.17± 0.01 mg QE/100g corresponding to Euphorbia hirta and Psidium guajava respectively. Among the five plants, Psidium guajava and Euphorbia hirta appeared to have the highest levels of the compound of interest. The extracts of these two plants also have the highest antioxidant potential.

Keywords: Traditional Medicine, Antibacterial, Antioxidant, Phytochemical Screening.