Abstract

REVIEW STUDY ON RISK FACTORS, INCIDENCE, TYPES, AND OUTCOMES OF STROKE

T. Indraja Saimani*, Sreenu Thalla and Padmalatha Kantamaneni

ABSTRACT

Stroke is an important cause of disability among adults and is one of the leading causes of death in worldwide. Study 1 was conducted in Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara Collage of Medical sciences and Hospital (SDMCMSH), a tertiary care centre in Dharwad, Karnataka. Study 2 was conducted in Trivandrum, the southernmost district of Kerala. In study 1 Out of 236 stroke cases, 52 (22%) were <45 years of age. 80.8% of them were in the age group of 30-45 years. Overweight and obesity (63.4%) was the most common risk factor followed by Hypertension (50%) and cigarette& tobacco use (40.3%). In study 2 during a 6-month period, 541 strokes were registered, 431 in the urban and 110 in the rural communities. Stroke occurred at a median age of 67 years; only 3.8% of patients were aged _40 years. Adjusted annual incidence rates per 100 000 were 135 (95% confidence interval 123 to 146) for total, 135 (122–148) for urban, and 138 (112–164) for rural populations, and 74.8 (66.3 to 83.2), 10.1 (7.0 to 13.2), and 4.2 (2.2 to 6.1) for ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage, respectively. We concluded that mortality of stroke in young cases was much less than stroke in older age group. Nearly two-thirds of stroke patients were significantly disabled at 1 month after stroke better care should be provided during acute stage to minimize disability and long term strategies to rehabilitate the disabled.

Keywords: Stroke incidence, types, Risk factors, and outcomes.