Abstract

OVERWEIGHT OR OBESE? THINK TWICE

Prashant Kumar Yadav*, Kritika Sharma, S. S. Sisodia

ABSTRACT

Obesity is defined as a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or more. Millions of people die due to debilitating diseases at least partially attributable to obesity, including heart disease, dyslipidemia, diabetes, sleep apnea, respiratory disorders, gallstones, cancer, pseudo motor cerebri and depression. Adipose tissue serves as the major storage site for fuel, in the form of TG and made up of lipid filled adipocytes held together in the framework of collagen fibres. The peripheral nervous system has a definite role in stimulating thermogenic tissues via activation of β-3 adrenergic receptors resulting in the reduction in food intake. Morphological and functional changes in the liver are quite common in obese individuals. Obesity is linked to an increased risk for several types of cancer. Mortality rates for colorectal and prostate cancer among obese men, and endometrial, gallbladder, cervical ovarian and postmenopausal breast cancer among obese women is high. Among all the obesity related comorbidities high blood pressure is the most common. Two hemodynamic disturbances are commonly seen in obesity related hypertension; increase of intravascular volume and an abnormally normal peripheral vascular resistance. Obesity is an important factor in the development of CHD.[49] Obesity and abdominal fat are associated with increase in morbidity and mortality form CHD. The renal effects of obesity include structural and functional changes. Both glomerulomegaly and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis have been associated with obesity.

Keywords: Obesity, Glomerulomegaly, Hemodynamic, Ghrelin,Leptin.