Abstract

GC-MS ANALYSIS OF CALENDULA OFFICINALIS AND CYTOTOXIC EFFECTS OF ITS FLOWER CRUDE EXTRACT ON HUMAN EPIDERMOID LARYNX CARCINOMA (HEP-2).

*Dr. Raghad DH Abdul Jalill

ABSTRACT

Calendula officinalis is widely used in traditional medicine due to its great therapeutical value. Phytochemical screening of C. officinalis flowers extract showed the presence of as sugar, tannins, flavonoids, steroid, terpenoids and alkaloids. The extracts of flower, root, leaf and stem were analyzed by Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The components were identified by matching mass spectra with mass spectrum libraries (NIST 2.0 f and NIST08.LIB). There were 7, 17, 43 and 22 different compounds analyzed from the extracts of flower, root, leaf and stem respectively. The major components present were: 2-Oxa-6-azatricyclo[3.3.1.1(3,7)]decane, 4,8-diiodo-6- (phenylsulfonyl)-, (1α,3β,4α,5α,7β,8β)- (21.419 %) in flower extract; Octadec-9-enoic acid (33.51%) in stem extract and 6-Octadecenoic acid in each of root extract (36.63%) and in leaf extract (27.47%). The present study was designed to evaluate the in vitro cytotoxicity activity of crude methanolic extract of Calendula officinalis's flower on human epidermoid larynx carcinoma (Hep-2) cell line using neutral red cytotoxicity assay. The highly cytotoxic activity of the extracts on (Hep-2) was generally observed at extract concentrations of (1.563- 12.5 mg/mL), inhibition of growth reached 70.54- 79.75. The calculated the inhibitory concentration fifty (IC50) values was 26 mg/ml. Cytogenetic effect of the extract was determined in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. The extract increased the frequency of Chromosome Aberrations (CAs) and Sister Chromatides Exchanges (SCEs). The increase of of SCEs frequency was dose-dependent. Moreover, the extract increased the Replication Index (RI) but decrease Mmitotic Index (MI) and Blast Index (BI). Apparently, the methanolic extract of C. officinalis has anticancer activity on Hep-2 cell lines but it has a genotoxic effect to cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes probably due to its chemical compositions.

Keywords: Calendula officinalis; GC-MS; cytotoxicity; cytogenetic; Hep-2.