Abstract

QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE CONTENT OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS FROM EXTRACTS OF HEXANE, ACETONE, ETHANOL, AND WATER FROM AVOCADO LEAVES (Persea americana Mill)

Harrizul Rivai*, Liza Asbari Hasni and Zulharmita Zulharmita

ABSTRACT

Research on the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the content of chemical compounds has been carried out on extracts of hexane, acetone, ethanol, and water from avocado leaves (Persea americana Mill). The purpose of this study was to determine the content and levels of the chemical compounds contained in each extract. Extraction was carried out using two methods, namely maceration method for hexane, acetone, ethanol and infusion methods for water solvents. The results of the qualitative analysis showed that the hexane extract contained flavonoids and alkaloids. Acetone extract contains flavonoids, phenols, tannins, and alkaloids. Ethanol extract contains flavonoids, phenols, tannins, alkaloids, and saponins. Water extract contains flavonoids, phenols, tannins, and alkaloids. The results of the quantitative analysis showed that the levels of flavonoids in hexane, acetone, ethanol, and water extracts were 0.6%, 0.3%, 0.3%, and 0.5% respectively. The levels of phenol compounds in acetone, ethanol, and water extract were 5.1%, 3.9%, and 3.7%, respectively. The levels of tannins in acetone, ethanol, and water extracts were 0.3%, 0.2%, and 0.1% respectively. The levels of alkaloid compounds in hexane, acetone, ethanol, and water extract were 0.1%, 13.6%, 15.6%; and 5.5%. The saponin content in ethanol extract was 3.3%.

Keywords: Analysis qualitative, analysis quantitative, avocado leaves, extraction, gravimetry, spectrophotometry.