Abstract

BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF HYDRAZONES: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW

Tushar Dhiman, Samiksha Sharma* and Sanjiv Duggal

ABSTRACT

Hydrazones are a significant class of organic compounds with various biological activities and pharmacokinetic properties and therefore remain important in medicinal chemistry. These R1R2CN=NNH2, compounds, prepared via the reaction of hydrazine with aldehydes or ketones, proved to possess amazing pharmacological potential against diverse pathogens such as drug-resistant strains of bacteria, fungi, and viruses. They also show potential for antimalarial and anticancer therapies, showcasing their ability to target key biological processes. The versatility of hydrazones is evidenced by their broad-spectrum efficacy, which includes the bio-synthetic hydrazones that are obtained from natural sources as well as semi-synthetic derivatives that are modified for better pharmacological properties. Aromatic and aliphatic positional SAR studies have shown that chemical modifications at these positions influence reactivity and therapeutic potency. Because of their broad-spectrum bioactivity,hydrazones are prospective lead molecules for next-generation medications that aim to address global health issues. This study highlights the versatility of hydrazones as scaffolds in medicinal chemistry by discussing their design and synthesis techniques, structural changes, and biological uses. Their broad-spectrum therapeutic potential is strengthened by their capacity to interact with a variety of biological targets and form stable complexes with metal ions.

Keywords: Hydrazones, Medicinal chemistry, biological activities, Therapeutic potential, Bioactive scaffolds.