Abstract

THE EVOLUTION OF INSULIN DELIVERY SYSTEMS-NEW INTRODUCED SYSTEMS: PHARMACISTS' ESSENTIAL ROLE IN DIABETES CARE

Hussain Mahdi Aljawad*, Naifa Hail Alaida and Meshal Saeed Alotaibi

ABSTRACT

Background: Diabetes mellitus, both type 1 (T1DM) and type 2 (T2DM), necessitates continuous management to achieve optimal glycemic control and reduce complications. Traditional insulin delivery methods, while effective, often present challenges such as discomfort and the risk of hypoglycemia, which can hinder effective self-management. Aim: This article aims to explore the evolution of insulin delivery systems, emphasizing the role of pharmacists in diabetes care and the emergence of advanced systems, including the artificial pancreas. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted to evaluate recent advancements in insulin delivery systems and their implications for patient self-management. Emphasis was placed on both multiple daily injections (MDIs) and continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII), as well as continuous intraperitoneal insulin infusion (CIPII). Results: Innovations such as insulin pens and CSII have improved convenience, dosing accuracy, and patient adherence. CIPII has shown to enhance glycemic control compared to CSII, providing a more physiological approach to insulin delivery. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems have also advanced, facilitating real-time monitoring and better management of glucose levels. Conclusion: The evolution of insulin delivery systems has significantly impacted diabetes care, enhancing patient quality of life and treatment outcomes. The integration of pharmacists in diabetes management can optimize therapy and improve adherence, making a case for multidisciplinary approaches in diabetes care.

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Insulin delivery systems, Continuous glucose monitoring, pharmacists, Artificial pancreas.