Abstract

ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE PROFILE FROM DIFFERENT CLINICAL SAMPLES AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, BIRGUNJ, NEPAL

Amrullah Shidiki*, Dhirendra Prasad Yadav, Ashish Vyas and Bijay Raj Pandit

ABSTRACT

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is making serious worldwide issue in terms of public related health problems that cause a significant number on patient morbidity and mortality and financial crisis in many developing countries including Nepal. The study helps for optimizing patient care through characterization of AMR profile of predominantly circulating pathogens. This study was focused on the types of bacterial isolates with their AMR profile from different clinical samples at National Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Southwest Nepal, over a period of September to March 2023. It is a prospective cross-sectional study in which the clinical samples were collected, inoculated and incubated for each sample in accordance with standard protocol. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted by using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. From the total of 2000 different clinical
samples processed in the stated time frame, about 867 (43.45%) yield bacterial growth. Majority of the bacteria isolated from pus culture at 285 (32.8%), followed by urine 263 (30.3%), blood 258 (29.7%) and sputum 43 (4.9%). The most frequently identified isolate was S. aureus at 310 (35.7%), followed by E. coli, 181 (20.8%), Klebsiella species 152 (17.5%) and Pseudomonas species at 83 (9.5%). The resistance rate of Gram-negative bacteria for cefixime, ceftriazone and ampicillin in this study was between 30% and 50%. On the other hand, Gram-positive isolates were found sensitive to vancomycin, meropenem and imipenem at 99%. This study revealed an alarming level of AMR, with a high prevalence of multidrug resistant bacteria, particularly among the patients at the health facility level.

Keywords: Antimicrobial resistance, Antibiotic susceptibility test, Gram positive and negative bacteria, antibiotics.